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Glossary of Medical Terms
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Accessibility
A measure of the ease with which a specific population can obtain
appropriate health services and be served by facilities within the health
care system. This concept is used to detect inequity in the availability
of health services for different populations defined geographically,
socially or in terms of their race, ethnicity, gender or clinical
condition.
Accountability
Responsibility for the decisions and capability to explain to others or
the public all undertaken activities to carry out what was obliged to do;
to ensure reaching or making progress towards planned objectives or
targets.
Accreditation
A self-regulatory process by which governmental, non-governmental,
voluntary associations or other statutory bodies grant formal recognition
to educational programs or institutions that meet stated criteria of
educational quality. Educational programs or institutions are measured
against certain standards by a review of written information,
self-studies, site visits to the educational program, and thoughtful
consideration of the findings by a review committee. Whereas programs or
institutions are accredited , individual physicians are
licensed or certified .
Administration
A system whereby public or private enterprises conduct their business.
Administration is concerned with planning, programming and evaluation.
Along with administration there must be consideration of management
, which as a part of administration, is a rational technique enabling
administrators to fully develop their human, technical and financial
resources. The term administration is often used to denote broad policy
and the term "management" to be the execution of such policy and a matter
of subordinate concern.
American Medical
Association (AMA)
According to its mission statement, this professional association
represents the voice of the American medical profession and constitutes
the partnership of physicians and their professional associations
dedicated to promoting the art and science of medicine and the betterment
of public health. The AMA serves physicians and their patients by
establishing and promoting ethical, educational, and clinical standards
for the medical profession and by advocating the highest principle of all:
the integrity of the physician/patient relationship.
Assessment
A system of evaluation of professional accomplishments using defined
criteria and usually including an attempt at measurement either by grading
on a rough scale or by assigning numerical value. The purpose of
assessment in an educational context is to make a judgment about the level
of skills or knowledge, to measure improvement over time, to evaluate
strengths and weaknesses, to rank students for selection or exclusion, or
to motivate. Assessment should be as objective and reproducible as
possible. A reliable test should produce the same or similar scores on two
or more occasions or if given by two or more assessors. The validity of a
test is determined by the extent to which it measures whatever it sets out
to measure. One can distinguish three types of assessment :
Formative assessment is testing that is part of the developmental or ongoing teaching/learning process. It should include delivery of feedback to the student.
Summative assessment is testing which often occurs at the end of a term or course, used primarily to provide information about how much the student has learned and how well the course was taught.
Criterion-referenced assessment refers to testing against an absolute standard such as an individual's performance against a benchmark.
Association for
Medical Education in Europe (AMEE)
A worldwide association concerned with education in the medical
and health care profession – teachers, curriculum developers, deans,
administrators, researchers and students. AMEE works with the continuum of
education and its quality, the facilitation of high quality research in
medical education and serves as a source of advice on matters relating to
medical education. AMEE assists with the development of skills required by
medical teachers and facilitates the exchange of information on medical
education. AMEE is concerned with the development of medical education to
meet current and future needs, particularly in the European context. The
AMEE Office is located at the Centre for Medical Education, University of
Dundee, Scotland.
Association of
American Medical Colleges (AAMC)
A nonprofit association consisting of the 125 accredited United States
medical schools, the 16 accredited Canadian medical schools, more than 400
major teaching hospitals and health systems, some 90 academic and
professional societies representing 75,000 faculty members, and the
nation's medical students and residents. The purpose of the AAMC is to
improve health through the advancement of academic medicine, and in
pursuing this purpose, the AAMC works "to strengthen the quality of
medical education and training, to enhance the search for biomedical
knowledge, to advance research in health services, and to integrate
education into the provisions of effective health care." The AAMC is
responsible for the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) required of each
applicant to medical school in the U.S. and Canada.