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Glossary of Medical Terms
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Teacher-Centered Education
An educational system in which the teacher dictates what is being taught
and how it is to be learned. The teacher is the central or key figure and
activities such as the formal lecture and the formal laboratory are
emphasized. Individual students have little control over what they learn,
the order in which they learn and the methods they must use. In this
approach, learning is rather more passive than active. It is the opposite
of the learner-centered approach.
Telehealth
see Telemedicine
Telemedicine
The application of communications technologies for the provision of health
care services (diagnosis, treatment, prevention of diseases and injuries)
over spatial distance in a situation where remoteness and/or availability
of professional expertise is a critical factor.
Triangulation
A method of assessment that is required when validity cannot be
achieved with the use of a single assessment tool. If multiple testing
methods are used to evaluate a single competence, one can be more certain
that the competency has been appropriately assessed.
True-False Items Exam
An exam presenting statements for which students are to choose one of two
alternatives, true or false. There are three general weaknesses of this
testing method which need to be recognized: a high level of correct
responses by chance, ambiguities regarding statements' truth status and
varying criteria for marking a statement "true." However, there are
methods for addressing each problem:
First, because of the binary option, the formal chance level of responding
correctly is 50%. The high rate of guessing correctly means that a
relatively large number of true-false items are needed to allow for
reasonable identification of above-chance performance.
Second, the truth of some statements might be ambiguous, subject to
interpretation or dependent on subtle aspects of the statement. To
minimize such problems, instructors should keep test statements as
clear-cut as possible.
A third problem concerns individual differences in criterion for judging a
statement "true" or "false." Students have varying degrees of confidence
that statements are true, so that two students having the same feeling of
"degree of truth" about a statement, e.g. "85% true," might well use
different criteria, with one marking the statement "true" and the other
"false." To provide for maximum discrimination, the test should be
constructed so that 50% of the statements are true and students instructed
to mark "true" the 50% of statements that seem the most true to
them.
An important advantage of this exam is that true-false items are easy to
construct, easy to score and can cover any sort of content.